![]() It also provides a history of major federal legislative efforts impacting STEM education. It covers the federal STEM education effort and the condition of STEM education in the United States, and examines selected policy issues central to the contemporary federal conversation about STEM education. This report is intended to serve as a primer on existing STEM education policy issues and programs. At the postsecondary level, proposals center on efforts to remediate and retain students in STEM majors. At the K-12 level, these include proposals to address educational accountability, standards, and teacher quality. A variety of policy options have garnered attention in recent years, relating to elementary, secondary, and postsecondary STEM education. ![]() Governance concerns focus on perceived duplication and lack of coordination in the federal effort broadening participation concerns tend to highlight achievement and participation gaps between various demographic groups. STEM education system to meet domestic demand for STEM labor.įederal STEM education policy concerns center on broad issues-such as governance of the federal effort and broadening participation of underrepresented populations-as well as those that are specific to STEM education at the elementary, secondary, and postsecondary levels. ![]() students on international STEM assessments, foreign student enrollments and increased educational attainment in other countries, and the ability of the U.S. ![]() On the other hand, concerns remain about persistent academic achievement gaps between various demographic groups, STEM teacher quality, the rankings of U.S. Further, S&E degree attainment for groups traditionally underrepresented in STEM majors-such as Hispanic/Latino, African American, and female students-grew by 122%, 35%, and 37%, respectively. For example, overall graduate student enrollments in science and engineering (S&E) grew 15% over the last decade. It is often suggested that the United States performs poorly in STEM education, but the data paint a complex picture. Much of the funding for postsecondary students is in the form of financial aid, including fellowships and grants. Over half of federal STEM education funding is intended to serve the needs of postsecondary schools and students the remainder goes to efforts at the K-12 educational level. All published inventories identify the Department of Education, National Science Foundation, and the Department of Health and Human Services as key agencies in the federal effort. Annual federal appropriations for STEM education are typically in the range of $2.8 billion to $3.4 billion. These efforts have identified between 105 and 254 STEM education programs and activities at 13 to 15 federal agencies. Various attempts to assess the federal STEM education effort have produced different estimates of its scope and scale. Federal policymakers have an active and enduring interest in STEM education, and the topic is frequently raised in federal science, education, workforce, national security, and immigration policy debates. It typically includes educational activities across all grade levels-from pre-school to post-doctorate-in both formal (e.g., classrooms) and informal (e.g., afterschool programs) settings. The term STEM education refers to teaching and learning in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
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